There’s a lot of confusion and, frankly, fear around sugar and its role in diabetes. Many people assume that eating sugar directly causes the disease, but the reality is a bit more complex. While sugar isn’t entirely off the hook, it’s not the villain it’s often made out to be. Let’s break it down.
Diabetes comes in different forms, the most common being type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This form has nothing to do with diet or lifestyle choices, and sugar consumption has no role in its development.
Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is often linked to lifestyle factors and is far more common, accounting for over 90 per cent of all diabetes cases. This is where sugar becomes part of the conversation. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough of it. While sugar doesn’t directly cause this condition, consistently consuming high amounts of added sugar—especially in the form of sugary drinks and processed foods—can lead to weight gain and poor metabolic health.
Excess body fat, particularly around the abdomen, is one of the strongest risk factors for developing insulin resistance and, eventually, type 2 diabetes. But it’s not just about weight. Diets high in added sugars can cause repeated spikes in blood glucose and insulin levels, which may, over time, wear out the body’s ability to manage blood sugar properly.
That doesn’t mean the occasional sweet treat will doom you, but it does mean moderation is key. The quality of your overall diet, how active you are, and your genetics all play a much bigger role than sugar alone.
In the end, sugar isn’t a direct cause of diabetes, but it can certainly contribute to the conditions that make it more likely. The takeaway? Be mindful of added sugars in your diet, focus on whole foods, stay active, and maintain a healthy weight to reduce your risk. A balanced approach is far more effective—and sustainable—than cutting sugar out completely.
