Child labour is a serious and widespread issue in Pakistan, impacting a large number of children throughout the country. Despite having laws in place and commitments to international standards, the problem remains persistent, especially in the informal sector. Children, some as young as five, are often found working under unsafe and exploitative conditions in industries like brick kilns, agriculture, domestic service, carpet weaving, and small workshops. The root causes of child labour in Pakistan include extreme poverty, lack of educational opportunities, and cultural acceptance of children working. Many families, struggling to survive financially, feel compelled to send their children to work instead of school.
This practice has severe and lasting effects on the children involved. It strips them of a proper childhood, denies them access to education, and exposes them to physical and mental harm. These young workers often endure long hours, poor working environments, and, in some cases, physical abuse. The toll on their health and psychological well-being is immense, and being out of school keeps them trapped in a cycle of poverty. Without education and skills, their chances for a better future are slim, which also impacts the country’s development.
Although Pakistan has introduced several laws, such as the Employment of Children Act 1991 and provincial regulations like the Punjab Prohibition of Child Labour at Brick Kilns Act 2016, enforcement remains a major challenge. Corruption, limited resources, and weak government oversight allow employers to violate these laws with little consequence. Particularly in rural areas, child labour is hidden and rarely monitored, making the problem harder to address effectively.
To eliminate child labour, a comprehensive strategy is essential. This includes better implementation of existing laws, greater investment in accessible, quality education, public awareness efforts, and support systems for families in need. Organisations working at the grassroots level, along with NGOs and global partners, play a key role in rescuing children, providing rehabilitation, and pushing for policy changes. Yet, real and lasting change requires strong political commitment, active community participation, and a shared responsibility to protect every child’s rights. Ending child labour in Pakistan is not only a legal requirement—it is a humanitarian necessity that calls for immediate and united action.
