Films are a form of entertainment and a powerful storytelling medium, using 24 frames of moving images per second to create the illusion of continuous motion and simulate real-life experience.
Film vs. Movie
While the terms film and movie are often used interchangeably, some argue that film refers to motion pictures with higher artistic or societal value that demand more from the audience, whereas movie typically describes a commercial product designed for mass appeal.
Personally, I define film as something shot on negative film formats in pre-production—such as 8mm, 16mm, 35mm, 65mm, or 70mm—using a film camera.
Before the invention of synchronised sound in cinema, frame rates weren’t standardised—silent films were often shot at 16–18 fps. Once sound became possible, the industry adopted a standard frame rate that supported high-quality audio without using excessive film.
Film stock costs vary depending on format. 8mm is the most affordable, while 70mm or 65mm is the most expensive due to the greater quantity of film and chemicals required for processing.
Film Stock Price Per Minute (as of March 2025):
- 8mm: $53 per minute
- 16mm: $35 per minute
- 35mm (4-perf): $115 per minute
Prices include stock, development, and scanning, but exclude sales tax. Local pricing may vary. USD values are based on GBP equivalents.
Film to Digital Conversion and Resolution
Orchard Film, the scanning division of Digital Orchard Group, offers scanning services for:
- 8mm film (up to 4K resolution)
- 16mm, 35mm, and 65mm film (up to 6.5K resolution)
Why Use Film Stock for Shooting a Film?
Digital cameras can’t replicate the crystal-clear grain and rich texture of celluloid. Recent films like Oppenheimer (shot on 70mm Kodak film using IMAX cameras), The Brutalist, and Nosferatu (2025) were all filmed using formats such as 35mm VistaVision 8-perf, Kodak 4-perf, and 70mm—offering resolutions as high as 12K or even 19K.
Digital Filmmaking: A Cheaper Option for Beginners
Yes, digital is the best option for aspiring filmmakers or low-budget productions. Brands like Sony, Fujifilm, RED, and ARRI Alexa offer digital cameras with up to 8K resolution. While film offers a unique and timeless aesthetic, digital remains the practical choice for most beginners.
Film Stock White Balance
When shooting on film stock, selecting the correct type for your lighting environment is essential. Choose stock balanced for lighting temperatures such as 3400K or 4000K (Kelvin values), which are typically indicated by specific film codes.
